SIDEE LOO ABUURAA GANACSI GUULAYSANKARA

(London, January 14,  2011 Ceegaag Online)

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QAYBTII LABAAD:

Waa qaybtii labaad ee barnaamijkii aynu ugu magacdaray sidee loo abuuraa ganacsi guulaysan kara. Waxa aynu ku soo sheegnay qaybtii koowaad si loo abuuro ganacsi guulaysan kara in loo baahan yahay in uu jiro nidaam ama qorshe ay raacayso shirkaddu oo la yidhaa (business plan). Waxa aynu qaybtan labaad kusoo qaadan doonaa waxyaabaha kale ee u baahan in lagu qoro qorshaynta ganacsiga (business plan). Qorshaynta ganacsiga oo aynu kusoo qeexnay in uu yahay wadadii la mari lahaa si loo gaadho ujeedada shirkaddu leedahay. Shirkadd aan lahayn qorshe cad ama nidaam la raacayaa suurto gal ma aha in ay si fudud u guulaysato.

Halkan waxaynu ku soo gudbin doonaa qaybta labaad oo u baahan in lagu qoro marka la diyaarinaayo nidaaminta ganacsiga (business planning). Marka aynu dhamayno waxaynu samayn doonaa tusaale (sample) business plan si qof waliba u fahmo.

Fadlan qofkii aan akhrisan qaybtii hore waxa laga yaabaa in fahamka qabtani ay ku adkaato markaa ku noqo qaybtii hore isla websitekan.

Waxyaalaha u baahan in la ogaado inta aan shirkaddu badeecad ama adeeg soo saarin:

·         Waa maxay baahida dhabta ah ee hadda ka jirta suuqa aad higsanayso (current demand in the target market)? Waa in aad ogaataa in baahi ka jirto suuqa aad galayso, waayo macaamiishu waxa ay marka hore ku xidhnaayeen shirkaddo kale, markaa waa maxay sababta ay ugu baahan yihiin in ay shirkaddan cusub kusoo biiraan, dhinacyo badan ka fiiri baahida.

·         Waa maxay xajmiga saxda ah ee suuqa aad rabto in ay shirkaddan cusubi ka shaqayso (size of market)? Badanaa suuqyada dhaqaalaha badan laga helaa waa suuqyada dadkoodu ay aadka u badan yihiin (more populated). Markaa waa in aad ogaataa xajmiga suuqaagu inta uu noqon karo.

·         Boqolkiiba meeqa ayaad suuqa ku yeelan kartaa (tani waa muhiim haddii aad si dhab ah uga fakirayso in aad noqoto mid ku guulaytsa suuqa)?

·         Muxuu yahay isbedelka ku imaan kara suuqa aad ku fakirayso, intee in leeg ayuu suuqu isbedeli karaa isla markaa horumar intee leeg ayaad badeecada ama adeega  ku samayn kartaa?

·         Muxuu yahay koboca imaan karaa (potential growth)?

·         Maxay yihiin xanibaadaha kaa hor imaan kara markaad suuqa galayso (market entry barriers), maadaama aad shirkadd cusub tahay?. Tusaale ahaan waxyaalaha kaa hor imaan kara waxaa ka mid ah:

o   Kharashka daraasaadka suuq-gaynta oo bata (high marketing cost)

o   Kharash badan oo loo baahdo (high capital cost)

o   Kharashka tacab soo saarka oo aad u bata (high production cost)

o   Macaamiisha oo u baahan in ay ku bartaan (consumer acceptance and brand recognition)

o   Shirkadoo u baahata dad tababar iyo xir fad leh (training and skills)

o   Kharashka lagu raraayo oo sareeya (shipping costs)

o   Cashuuraadka (tariff)

o   Sharciyada dawladda (legal authority)

·         Iyo dabcan sidii aad uga gudbi lahayd xanibaadaha kaa hor yimaada

·         Side ayay waxyaalahan soo socdaa u saamayn karaan shirkadda cusub helida jawaabahoodu waxa ay kaa caawinaysaa in aad dhinac walba ka eegto ganacsigan cusub ee aad furaysaa si aad u ogaato waxyaalaha kugu soo fool leh:

o   Haddii isbedel ku yimaado ganacsiga (change in the business).

o   Haddii is bedel ku yimaado qalabka farsamada (change in technology)

o   Haddii is bedel ku yimado sharciyada dawlada (change in government regulations)

o   Hadii isbedel ku yimaado xaga dhaqaalaha (change in the economy)

Badeecada (products):

Qaybtan waxaa laga rabaa shirkaddu in ay si cad u sharaxdo badeecadaha iyo adeegyada ay samaynayso. Weliba waa in shirkaddu qeexdaa ayadoo toos ula hadlaysa macmiisha.

Waxaad taxdaa dhamaan alaabta aad rabto in aad iibiso oo dhan.

Mid walbana si cad u sheeg faaiidada uu leeyahay iyo weliba waxyaalaha dheeriga uu layahay. (describe the most important features and benefits).

Waana in aad sheegtaa haddii lagaa iibsado waxyaalaha aad qofka aad siinayso, tusaale ahaan in aad alaabta halkuu doonayo aad u geyso (delivery), in aad siiso damaanad (warranty), taakulayn dheeri ah (support) iyo in lacagtisii loo celin karo haddii loo baahdo (refund policy).

Macaamiisha (customers):

Waa in shirkaddu si buuxda u aqoonsataa macaamiisha ay beegsanyso (target customers). Dabeecadahooda (characteristics), iyo weliba halka ay degan yihiin.

Haddii shirkaddu ay macaamiisheedu aanay ahayn koox gaar ah, waxaa lama huran ah in aad sheegto kooxda ugu sii muhiimsan haddii ay tahay da’da (age), lab ama dhedig (gender), meesha uu degan yahay (location), awoodiisa dhaqaale (income level), bulshada halka uu kaga jiro iyo shaqadiisa (social class and occupation), waxbarashadiisa (education) iyo wixii kale ee shirkaddu u baahataba.

Loollanka (competition):

Shirkaddu waa in ay halkan ku qeexdaa shirkadaha haya badeecadaha ama adeegayada ay hayso oo kale.

Waa in halkan lagu taxaa shirkadaha kula loolami kara magacyadooda iyo ciwaankooda:

Waa in shirkaddu is waydiisaa in shirkadaha kale ay si buuxda ula tartami karaan iyo in kale mise qaybo gaar ah ayuunbay kala tartami karaan; tusaale ahaan ma badeeco ama adeeg gaar ah ayuunbay kula tartami karaan, mise dhinac walba sida macaamiisha, deegaanka iwm.

Waa in ay shirkadda u cadahay tartamayaasha tooska ah iyo kuwa aan tooska ahanba (direct and indirect competitors).

Side bay badeecadaadu ama adeegaagu ula tartami karaa shirkadaha kale marka aad is bar bar dhigto.

Samee shax ay ku cad yihiin meelaha ay shirkaddadu ku

o   Xoogan tahay (strength) iyo meelaha ay ku liidato (weakness).

o   Sixirka badeecada ama adeega (pricing) barbar dhig kuwa shirkadaha kale.

o   Tayada wax soo saarka (quality) tayada badeecdaha shirkaddaha kale ma ka fiican yihiin kuwa shirkaddada.

o   Reliability (la isku halayn karo) barbar dhig kuwa shirkaddaha kale, isku halayn intee leeg ayay leeyihiin.

o   Reputation (Sumcadda) intee leeg ayay shirkaddahani leeyihiin, barbardhig shirkaddada

o   Visual aspect (Muuqaalka) waa sidee muuqaalka shirkadaha kale, barbardhig shirkaddada

o   Location (Goobta) goobaha ay ku yaalaan shirkaddaha kale ma ka fiican yihiin meesha ay shirkaddadu ku taalo. barbardhig shirkaddada

o   Advertising (xayaysiinta) shirkaddaha kale ma kaa xayaysiin fiican yihiin, barbardhig shirkaddada

Qor qoraal kooban oo aad ku sharaxayso shirkadaha kula loollamaya faaiidooyinkooda (advantages) ay leeyihiin iyo weliba faaiido-darada ay leeyihiin (disadvantages).

Niche (abbaarid):

Hadda waxaad si buuxda u ogaatay xaalada shirkaddada, badeecaddada, macaamiishada, iyo weliba cidda kula loollamaysa, waa in aad fahamtaa sawirka saxda ah ee shirakaddadu meesha ay adduunka ka galayso.

Fadlan qoraal kooban ku qeex meesha aad wax ka abbaarayso, iyo weliba dhinaca gaarka ah ee aad suuqa ka galayso.

Strategy (xeelad):

Hada muuji xeeladdaada suuq-gayn (marketing strategy) adigoo si gaar ah u raacaya warbixinihii aad soo uruursatay.

Promotion (dhiirigelin):

iminka sidee ayaad macaamiisha ku gaadhsiinaysaa farriintaada?

Advertising (xayaysiin): warbaahintee ayaad isticmaalaysaa? Sababtu maxay tahay aad u isticmaalaysaa?, meeqa goor ayaad isticmaalaysaa?

Ma isku dayday in aad hesho meelaha ugu qiimaha jaban ee aad ka heli karto qiimo wax ka dhima dhaqaalihii aad ugu talo gashay in aad fariinta ku gaadhsiiso dadka.

Sheeg haddii ay jiraan waddooyin kale oo aad farriintaada ku gudbin kartid tusaale ahaan, in aad samayso bandhig ganacsi (trade fair), catalogue (diiwaan haye), in aad afka ku gaadhsiiso dadka (word of mouth) ama cid kale oo xirafd u leh waxani in ay kuu gudbiyaan farriintaada.

Sawir noocee ah ayaad rabtaa in aad u muuqato? Sidee rabtaa in aad macaamiishaada ula muuqato?

Marka laga yimaado xayaysiinta warbaahinta maxaa kale ee aad ku taageeraysaa muuqaalka shirkadda tusaale ahaan samaynta astaanta shirkadda (logo design), brochures (buugaag yayyar oo xayaysiineed, signage (calaamado ama summado),  iyo muuqaalka gudaha shirkadda haddiiba ay kusoo booqdaan macaamiishu.

Ma leedahay nidaam aad macaamiishada kula xidhiidho amaba aad marwalba uga war hayso?

Promotional Budget (miisaaniyadda xayaysiinta):

Dhaqaale intee leeg ayaad ugu talo gashay waxyaalaha aynu kor kusoo xusnay?

Inta aanad bilaabin (lacagtani waxa ay galaysaa miisaaniyada lagu bilaabayo)(start up budget.)

Marka ay shirkaddu socoto (lacagatani waxa ay galaysaa miisaaniyada lacagta lagu shaqaynaayo) (operating plan budget.)

Pricing (sicir goyn):

Halkan waxaad ku faah faahisaa sida aad u rabto in aad u dejiso qiimaha sicirka badeecada ama adeega (price setting.), inta badan shirkaddaha yaryar uma fiicna in ay sixirka ugu hooseeya ay wax ku iibiyaan ay tahay arinta kelya ee saxda ah. Qiimaha hooseeyaa waxa uu kaa yaray nayaa faa’iidadii aad heli lahayd (profit margin.)

Macaamiisha waxa suurto gal ah in aanay kaba fekirin sixirka hooseeya ee aad adigu ka fakirayso. Waxaana dhici karta in shirkado waaweyni ay suuqa kugu jebiyaan kedibna aad la tartami kari weydo. Badanaa waxaa fiican in sixir macquul ah aad wax ku iibiso kuna dedaasho tayada iyo adeega aad bixinayso.

Qaabka aad sixirka u dejisay sidee u muuqdaa markaad barbar dhigto shirkadaha kale ee tartanka kugula jira.

Barbar dhig qiimaha sixirkaaga kuwa shirkadaha kale ee kula loolamaaya. Sixirka qiimahoodu ma ka sareeyaa sixirkaaga, makaa hoseeyaa, ma la midbaa? Sababtuse maxay tahay?

Proposed Location (goobta shaqada.)

Waxa laga yaabaa  in aanay weli shirkaddu cayiman goob gaar ah. Hada waxa la gaadhay waqtigii shirkadu ay ka fakiri lahayd  waxa ay rabto shirkaddu iyo meesha ay ka rabto. Shirkado badan ayaa marka ay bilawga yihiin isticmala guryahooda in muddo ah.  

Halkan si kooban ugu sharax qorshahaaga goobta aad ku ganacsanayso maadaama ay saamaynayso maacaamiishaada.

Goobta aad ku ganacsanysaa muhiim miyay u tahay macaamiishaada? Haddii ay u tahay haa, sidee ayay ugu tahay?

Ø  Haddii ay macaamiishu yimaadaan goobtaada ganacsi:

Matahay meel ku haboon macaamiisha (suitable for customers)? Ma leedahay meel la dhigo baabuurta (parking)?, mise waa meel waddooyinka muhiimka ah ka baxsan.

Sawirkaagii maxay ka badashay?

Ma tahay meel macaamiishu rabaan ama ay rajaynayaan in ay yimaadaan?

Halkee ayay degan yihiin shirkaddaha kula loolamayaa? Miyay habboon tahay in aad ku dhawaato ama ka fogaato?

Distribution channels (dariiqyada aad wax ku gaadhsiinayso):

Sidee ayaad u iibinaysaa badeecadda ama addeega shirkadda?

Ma tafaariiq (retail), Jummlad (wholesale), wakiilo (agents), wakiilo madaxbanaan (independent representatives).

Sales forecast (saadaasha iibka):

Hadda waxan soo sheegnay si kooban usoo sharaxnay badeecada, adeegyada, suuqgeynta iyo qorshaha lagu dhaqaayo shirkadda.

Waxaa haboon in halkan lagu sameeyo laba saadaalood (two forecasts):

1)      Qiyaasta ufiican (Best guess); taas oo ah waxa runta ah ee aad rajaynayso.

2)      Qaddiyada u xun (worst case); qiyaasta u hoosaysa  ee aad ku kal soonaan karto in aad gaadhi karto wax waliba ha dhacaane.

Qorshaha lagu shaqaynaayo (operational plan):

Sharrax shaqo maalmeedka maalin walba ee shirkadda, goobta ganacsiga, qalabaynta, dadka, geedi socodka iyo degaanada ku xeeran.

Production (tacab-soo-saar):

Sidee iyo meeshee laga soo saarayaa badeecaddaada ama adeegaaga?

Sharrax hannaan socodka shirkadda sida:

·         Dhawrida qalabka shirkadda (inventory control)

·         Horumarinta badeecadda (product development)

·         Farsamada tacab-soo-saarka iyo qiimahooda (production techniques and costs)

·         Tayo-dhawrka (quality control)

·         Adeega macaamiisha (customer services) 

Location (goobta)

Meel noocee ah ayaad uga baahan tahay goobta ganacsiga? Si fiican u qeex nooca goobta ganacsi ee aad rabto.

Muuqaalka looga baahan yahay goobta ganacsiga (physical requirements):

·         Nooca dhismaha loo baahan yahay (type of building).

·         Boos intee leeg ayaa loo baahan yahay in ay goobtu ganacsigu yeelato (amount space).

·         Seerayn (zoning).

·         Malaga helayaa goobtaas korontada iyo biyaha (power and utility).

Jidka loo marayo goobta ganacsiga (access):

Waxaa muhiim ah in goobta aad ka samaynayso ganacsigu ay ku habboon tahay gaaddiidka iyo cidka keenaysa badeecada (suppliers).

Miyaad u baahantahay in meel si fudud loo soo mari karo aad samayso (easy walk-in access)?

Maxay tahay baahida shirkaddani u qabto in loo sameeyo  meelo la dhigo baabuurta ama meel u dhaw wadooyinka waaweyn, garoonada dayaaradaha, meelaha tareenada iyo gaadiidka sida xamuulka.

Construction (dhismo)? Badanaa shirkaddaha cusubi iskuma mashquuliyaan in ay dhisaan dhismayaal cusub, laakiin haddii aad qorshaynaysaan in aad dhistaan dhismayaal cusub waa in lagu talo galaa kharashka loo baahan yahay.

Cost: waa in shirkaddu qiyaastaa kharashka ku baxaaya dhismaha ay degayso, taas oo ay ku jirto kirada, dayactirka dhismayaasha, caymiska, kharashka lagu qurxinaayo meesha si meeshu u noqoto meel ku habboon ganacsi soona jiidata macaamiisha.

Halkan waxa kale oo aad ku sharraxdaa saacdaha shaqada, maalamaha fasax yada, samee shax aad u muuqan karta.

Sharciga degaanka (legal environment):

Sharrax ka bixi waxyaalahan soo socda:

·         Ruqsad (licence), sidee loo helayaa ruqsad aad ku shaqayso

·         Permits (ogolaanshaha in aad ka shaqayn karto, waxaa loo jeedaa in wadanka aad ka shaqaynaysaa kuu ogolyahay in aad ka shaqaysato wadanka ).

·         Caafimaadka goobta laga shaqaynaayo (hygiene and sanitation of the premises and the area)

·         sharciyada deegaanka (environmental regulations)

·         Caymis ku jirid (insurance coverage)

·         Trademarks (summada ganacsiga), copyright (xuquuqda daabacadda) and etc

Note: qayb wal oo aanu halkan ku sheegnay waxaanu ka dhigi doonaa cashar gaar ah. Waxaana ay ka dhex muuqan doonaan sample business plan (tusaale aynu ku muujin doono sida loo dejiyo qorshaha ay raacayso shirkadd.

Lasoco qaybta 3 aad

Mustafe Ibraahim mustaf1970@hotmail.co.uk

Uk.

webmaster@ceegaag.com