(London,  March 04,  2011 Ceegaag Online)  

Waa qaybtii 9aad ee barnaamijkii ganacsiga, qaybtan waxaan kusoo qaadan doonaa sida loo sameeyo xog-uruurin ku saabsan ganacsiga (business feasiblity study). Badanaa casharrada ganacsigu waa ay isuwada dhawdhaw yihiin, casharradda qaar ayaa aad isugu eeg eeg laakiin waa kala mawduucyo (topics).

Sidee loo sameeyaa daraasad ganacsi

(How to do business feasibility study):

Marka fikrad ganacsi la helo (business idea) waxaa muhiim ah in la sameeyo baaritaan xog-uruurin si loo ogaado in ay fikradu tahay mid soconaysa oo miro dhal ah iyo in kale. Daraasada xog-uruurin (Feasibility study) waxaa lagu qeexaa baaridda macaluumaad mashruuc lasoo jeediyay si loo maal geliyo. Waana qoraal caawinaaya dadka go’aanka gaaraya (decision makers) in ay mashruuc fuliyaan iyo in kale. Waxaana warbixinta xog-uruurinta ka dhex muuqda faaiidada (advantage) iyo faaiido darada (disadvantages) uu keeni karo mashruucaas haddiiba la hawl galiyo.

Marka aad samaynayso baaritaan xaga ganacsiga ah waa in aad kala saartaa xiisaha aad u hayso in aad shaqadaa fuliso iyo warbixinta saxda ah ee kaaga soo baxa baaritaanka. Ganacsiga waxaa lagu tilmaama gabar aad jeceshahay oo aanad weli la aqal gelin marka aad aqal gashaan ayaad ogaanaysaa xumaha iyo wanaaga ay gabartaasi ama wiilkaasiba leeyahay. Ganacsigana ilaa aad bilowdo magaran kartid muuqaalkiisa saxda ah, laakiin waa in aad hadana ahaataa qof nidaam raacaya oo ku talo galaaya waxkasta oo soo baxa sidii loo maarayn lahaa.

Daraasada xog-uruurinta waxaa samayn kara cid khibrad u leh waana in warbixintu ay ahaataa mid ku salaysan xaqiiq oo lagu qancin karo dadka maalgashiga samaynaaya (investors) iyo maamulka kale ee shirkadda waayo wixii kasoo baxa daraasadda waxaa lagu qorayaa barnaamijka qorshaynta ganacsiga (business plan), waana in laga jawaabi karaa wixii su’aal loo baahdo. Soomaalidu badanaa kuma fiicna arimha daraasadda suuqa-gaynta (marketing research) badanana ma yaqaanaanba.

Halkan waxaynu ku soo koobnay qaybaha ugu muhiimsan marka la samaynaayo daraasad xog-uruurin, laakiin waad ka badsan kartaa ilaa kolba inta ay baahidaada shirkaddu gaarsiisan tahay.

Baahiyaha shirkadduhu waa ay kala duwan tahay waxaana ay ku xiran tahay kolba shirkadda iyo baaxadeeda iyo waxa ay qabanayso, wax suurto gal ah in ay shirkaddu muddo soo jirtay isla markaa ay rabto in ay samayso baaritaan cusub oo ku saabsan mashruuc cusub oo la rabo in lagu soo kordhiyo shirkadda. Waxa aynu ku soo koobsanay 12 qodob ee hoos ku qoran:

1.      Nooca mashruuca la fulinaayo (Project Description):

Qaybtan hore waa qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee daraasada xog-uruurinta, waana qaybta ay inta badan si fiican u eegayaan dadka maalgelinta samaynaya (investors). Waa in la sheegaa nooca mashruuca la fulinaayo iyo weliba ujeedada loo fulinaayo.

Xog-uruurinta (feasibility study) waa in ay ahaataa warbixin kooban oo la fahmi karo waadixna ah. Waa in qofka go’aanka gaarayaa marka uu akhriyo uu heli karaa sawirka saxda ah ee mashruucaasi sida uu u ekaanayo.

Waana in si kooban loo sharaxaa qorshaha guud iyo gaar ahaaneed ee shirkadda rabto halka uu ka bilaamayo iyo halka uu ku dhamaanayo.

2.      Jadwalka daraasadda (Schedule feasibility study):

Haddii aan waqtiga loogu talo galay la bilaabin shirkadda ama ganacsiga isla markaana aan waqti go’an loo qaban in lagu dhamaystiro daraasadda ganacsi waxaa imaan kara in si fudud daraasadda  shirkaddu u fashilanto dadka maalgashiga samaynayaana meelo kale xoolahooda gashadaan amaba ku kalsoonaan waayaanba sida wax u socdaan.

Baaritaan suuq-geyn (Marketing Analyses):

Baaritaanka xaga suuqu wuxuu kaa caawin karaa in aad si fiican u ogaato baahida loo qabo badeecadda ama adeega aad hayso, waa in aad qeexda waxyaalahan soo socda:

waxa ay badeecada cusub ay kaga duwan tahay kuwii hore.

 xajimga suuqa inta uu leeg yahay (market size).

·      Yaa soo saara badeecadada ama adeegaaga oo kale?

·      Xagay degan yihiin shirkaddaha kula loollami karaa?

·      Maxay tahay tayada iyo sixirka qiimaha ay wax ku gadi rabaan?

·      Ma waxaad galaysaa suuq xiran oo buuxa (saturated market)?

·        Suuqu ma cid gaar ah ayuu u xiran yahay (dawladaha qaar ayaa shirkaddo gaara u xira badeecaddaha ama adeegyada qaarkood)?

·        Dad intee leeg ayaa degan magaalada aad ka bilaabayso ganacsiga?

·      Maxaad kusoo jiidanaysaa macaamiisha?

·      cidda aad gaarka u rabto in aad wax ka iibiso si fiican halkan ugu sheeg tusaale ahaan ma haweenkaa, ma ragbaa, ma caruurbaa, ma isku jirbaa?

·      meelaha ay dadkaasi degan yihiin iyo heerka nolosha ay ku noolyihiin (social levels).

·      Waa in aad ogaataa awooda wax gadasho ee bulshadda aad wax ka gadi rabto (purchasing power).

·      Sidee rabtaa in aad wax u xayaysiiso?

·      Macaamiil intee leeg ayaa wax kaa iibsanaaya, meeqa goor ayay se iibsanayaan.

·     Sideen u samayn karaa badeecad ama adeeg ka fiican kooda?

·      Maxay tahay sababta ay macaamiishu u dooran rabaan in ay gataan badeeco ama adeeg cusub?

·      Maxaa dhiiri gelin ah (incentives) ee ay shirkadduhu siiyaan macaamiishooda?

·      Maxay samayn karaan shirkadduhu haddii alaab cusub suuqa aad soo galiso?

Raadaynta dhaqaalaha (Economic Impact):

Waxaan shaki ku jirin in haddii la rabo in lasameeyo daraasad ku saabsan ama xog-uruurin ku saabsan ganacsi in loo baahan yahay in laga bilaabo dhaqaalaha waddanku sida uu yahay, tusaale ahaan haddii uu dhaqaaluhu is bedbedalaayo oo aanu taagnayn waa in aad ku darsato daraasada aad samaynayso gaar ahaan isbedelka ku yimaada xaga sarifka (exchange rate) iyo sixir bararka (inflation rate).

Daraasadda goobta ganacsiga laga furaayo (Location Study):

Baaritaanka goobta laga furaayo ganacsigu waxa ay kaa caawin kartaa in aad go’aamiso meesha laga furaayo ganacsiga, in ay badeecada ama adeega aad haysaa uu ka soconaayo goobtaa, in ay goobtu u dhawdahay waddooyinka muhiimka ah, in ay leedahay waxyaalaha daruuriyaadka ah (utilities) iwm. Waxa kale oo u baahan in aad ogaato meesha aad u baahan tahay xajimigeeda (size), alaabta miyaa ay kuu wada qaadaysaa mise weli waxaad u baahan tahay in aad dhigto bakhaar kale (store) taas oo noqon karta kiro kale oo kugu socota. Dadka khibradda u leh ganacsigu waxa ay yiraahdaan marwalba ganacsigaaga koritaankiisu waxaa uu ku xiran yahay goobta, goobta, goobta (location) (location) (location)

Farsamada hawleed ee loo baahan yahay (Technical and operational requirements):

Qaybtan waxaad ku ogaanaysaa nooca shaqaalaha iyo qalabka aad u baahan tahay,

Tayada shaqaalaha loo baahan yahay iyo weliba sida loo helaayo.

·        Tirada shaqaalaha ee aad u baahan tahay iyo mushahaarada ay qaadanayaan?

·        Maxaa shahaado laga rabaa qofka shirkadda u shaqaynaaya?

·        Ma la helayaa meel ku haboon shirkadda maxaase dayactir iyo dib u habayn ay iiga baahan tahay meesha aan ka samaynaya shirkadda?

·      haddii aad dhismo kiraysato meeqa sanno ayaa heshiis lagu siinayaa (lease)?

        Qalab noocee ah ayaa loo baahan yahay?

·      Waa meeqa qiimaha qalabka loo baahan yahay?

·      Meeqa alaab cayriin (raw material) ah ayay shirkaddu u baahan tahay?

·      Maxay tahay tayada qalabka loo baahan yahay?

·      Muddo intee leeg ayaa alaabta lagu keeni karaa?

Baaritaan ku saabsan loollanka (Competition Analyses):

Halkan waxaad kaga jawaabtaa su’aalah soosocda:

Waayo cidda ugu weyn ee kula loollami doontaa?

·       Maxay ku xoogan yihiin?

·       Faaiido intee leeg ayay helaan?

        Ma la tartami kartaa?

·       Maxay ku liitaan?

·       Awoodooda wax soo saar intee ayay leegtahay?

·       Goobta ay degan yihiin sidee tahay?

·       Xagay alaabtu ugu timaadaa?

·       Dadku siday u arkaan?

·       Suuqa boqolkiiba imisa ayay buuxiyeen?

·       Shirkaddaha kula tartami karaa ma yihiin kuwo koraaya mise waa kuwo hoos u socda?

·       Dhaqaalahoodu intuu leeg yahay?

Daraasadda dhinaca maaliyadda (Financial Feasiblity Study):

Qaybtan maalgeliyayaashu waxaa ay ku ogaadaan in ganacsigan cusubi yahay mid laga faaiidaayo iyo in kale. Baadhitaanka dhinaca maaliyada waxaad ku ogaan kartaa:

Waa in aad sheegtaa kharashka biloga ah (start-up cost).

·       Dhaqaalaha guud ee shirkaddu ay u baahan tahay (capital investment)

·       Kharashka baxaaya (expenses)

·       Lacagta lagu shaqaynaayo (operating capital)

·       Sida sixirka ama qiimaha loo dejinaayo (price setting)

·       Saadasha lacagta naqadka ah (forecast cash flow)

·       Waa maxay faaiidada la rajaynaayo (projected profit)

·       Goorma ayaa la rajaynayaa faaiidada usoo  horaysa?

Ogaansho xaga sharciyadda dawladda ah (Government Regulations):

Fadlan daraasada ganacsi ee la samaynaayo waa in aad muhiimada koowaad sii saa in  sharciga dawladdu kuu ogolyahay in aad samayso ganacsigan iyo in kale. Tusaale ahaan wadamada qaara ayaa alaab gaar ah mamnuuca ama gudahaba laga soo saaraa markaa haddii aad arabto in aad soo dhoofiso lama ogala, markaa waan in daraasada la samaynaayo lagu daro sharciyada dawladdu waxa uu ka qabo samaynta ganacsi cusub. Waxa kale oo u baahan in lagu xisaabtamo cashuuraha iyo lacaga kale ee dawladdu qaado. Wadamada qaar ayaa qaada lacago badan oo aan laga qaadin wadamada kale.

Si fiican u qeex cida kuu keenaysa badeecadda ama adeega (Supplier):

Si buuxda u hubi sida ay kuu soo gaadhayso iyo weliba waqtiga ay kusoo gaadhayso badeecaddu ama adeega haddii aanad adigu ahayn shirkadd wax soo saar (manufacurer). Haddii aad tahay shirkadd wax soo saar iyo haddii kalaba waa in ay shirkaddu ogaataa arimahan soo socda:

Waa ayo cidda kuu keenaysa badeecadda ama adeega?

·       Xagay degan yihiin?

·       Sidee la isugu halayn karaa badeecadooda ama adeegooda?

·       Muddo intee leeg ayay ku keeni karaan badeecadda ama adeega laga dalbado?

·       Deyn meeqa ayay boqolkiiba ogol yihiin, muddo intee leeg ayayse sugi karaan?

Baaritaan khatarta u weyn ee imaan karta (Critical Risk Assessment):

Qaybtani waa qaybta ugu muhiimsan, waana in lagu xisaabtamo khatarta ku imaan karta ganacsiga (risk). Waa in la cadeeyaa waxa ay noqon karto khataraha soo food saari kara, waana in si fiirsasho leh loo sameeyaa dhinacyo badana laga eegaa.

Ku talin (Recommendation):

Waxaad halkan ku qoraysaa wixii talo ah ee aad soo jeedinayso marka aad soo dhamayso daraasada xog-uruurinta ee aad samaysay.

Haddii aad su’aalahaa si sax ah ugawada jawaabto waxaa kuu soo bixi kara sawirka saxda ah ee aad ku dhaqaajin karto ama ku joojin karto mashruucii aad waday.

DIGNIIN: Weligaa ha samayn ganacsi aan si fiican loo samayn daraasad xog-uruurin.

Lasoco qaybta 10 aad oo kusaabsan shaqadda maareeyaha ganacsiga (responsibilities of business manager)

Mustafe Ibraahim

mustaf1970@hotmail.co.uk

UK

webmaster@ceegaag.com